Język fiński jest wciąż uznawany za egzotyczny w naszym kraju. Dlatego z okazji tygodnia języka fińskiego, który ruszył na profilu Nordic Talking, spróbujemy go dla Was oswoić. Zestawienie faktów i mitów przygotowała dla Was Aleksandra Michta-Juntunen.
Fakty:
1. Język fiński należy do języków ugrofińskich wywodzących się z uralskiej rodziny językowej.
2. W języku fińskim nie ma rodzaju gramatycznego, jest tylko „hän”.
3. W języku fińskim nie ma rodzajników ani przedimków, ale niektóre zaimki – eräs, yksi, se używane są w podobny sposób szczególnie w języku potocznym.
4. Akcent w języku fińskim jest stały.
5. Na terytorium Finlandii możemy wyróżnić 8 głównych grup dialektów, które dzielą się na 34 podgrupy.
6. Język potoczny znacznie różni się od języka pisanego/standardowego. Niektórzy nawet twierdzą, że to dwa odrębne języki.
7. W języku fińskim nie ma gramatycznie wyodrębnionego czasu przyszłego. Przyszłość jest wyrażana za pomocą czasu teraźniejszego w połączeniu z innymi konstrukcjami gramatycznymi.
8. W języku fińskim występuje 15 przypadków. 6 przypadków określa umiejscowienie danego obiektu (wewnątrz, na zewnątrz) oraz poruszanie się z i do danego miejsca.
9. Językiem fińskim posługuje się około 6 milionów ludzi na całym świecie.
10. Język fiński jest językiem mniejszości w Szwecji.
Mity:
1. Najtrudniejszy język świata. Język fiński nie należy do najłatwiejszych, ale nie jest wyjątkowo trudny. Gramatyka języka fińskiego jest złożona, jednak jej zasady są w miarę logiczne i nawet z wyjątkami można sobie poradzić. Znam wielu obcokrajowców świetnie mówiących po fińsku. PS uczyłam się chińskiego po fińsku.
2. Wyrazy złożone typu – lentokonesuihkuturbiinimoottoriapumekaanikkoaliupseerioppilas, są na porządku dziennym w języku fińskim. Tego typu słowa są owszem możliwe, ale występują bardzo rzadko.
3. Język fiński należy do języków skandynawskich, podobnie jak duński, szwedzki czy norweski. Patrz fakt nr 1
Jako ciekawostkę – zajrzyjcie do wypowiedzi w różnych dialektach fińskich!
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